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Effects of feedback

Effects of feedback

Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...

Positive and Negative Feedback Loops

Positive and Negative Feedback Loops

Animal organs and organ systems constantly adjust to internal and external changes through a process called homeostasis ("steady state"). Examples of these changes include regulation of the level of glucose or calcium in the blood or internal responses to external temperatures. Homeostasis requires maintaining an internal dynamic equilibrium:

Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback

Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback

Self-esteem is intricately tied to our perception of competence and our ability to exert control over our lives. One of the primary sources of this perception is performance feedback — the ongoing evaluation of our actions in terms of success and failure. According to Franks and Marolla (1976), people derive self-worth from experiencing themselves as causal agents, capable of achieving goals and overcoming obstacles. This process nurtures a critical component of self-esteem:...

Feedback Loops

Feedback Loops

In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.

Communication

Communication

Sharing information, concepts, and emotions to foster mutual understanding is communication. The sender, recipient, and transaction must be considered in this manner. The sender is the person who shares the message, the recipient is the person who receives and understands the message, and the transaction is the method used to deliver the message and the variables that affect the communication's context and surroundings. The nurse-client connection is built on therapeutic communication.

Feedback control systems

Feedback control systems

Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
Linear feedback systems are theoretical models that simplify analysis and design. These systems operate under the principle that their output is directly proportional to their input within certain ranges. For instance, an amplifier in a control system behaves linearly as long as the input signal remains within a specific range. However, most physical systems exhibit inherent nonlinearity...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

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An Exploration of Feedback Using Hattie and Timperley's Feedback Levels.

Kelsey Compagna¹, Shelley Ross¹, Ann Lee¹

¹Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Family Medicine

|June 17, 2025

Summary

This study examined workplace feedback in family medicine residencies using Hattie and Timperley's Model of Feedback to Enhance Learning (MFEL). Most feedback focused on task and process levels, suggesting areas for improving clinical training effectiveness.

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Area of Science:

Medical Education
Clinical Training
Feedback Models

Background:

Effective feedback is crucial for clinical training.
Hattie and Timperley's Model of Feedback to Enhance Learning (MFEL) categorizes feedback into task, process, self-regulation, and self levels.
Few medical education studies have applied the MFEL.

Purpose of the Study:

To utilize the MFEL to analyze the content of documented workplace-based feedback.
To explore the applicability of the MFEL within a family medicine residency program.

Main Methods:

Retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study using learning analytics.
Analysis of de-identified field notes documenting workplace-based feedback from a Canadian family medicine residency program.
Coding feedback using the MFEL levels and descriptive statistical analysis of frequencies and combinations.

Main Results:

Of 2,250 field notes, 18% lacked feedback.
The majority of feedback (60%) contained a single level, with task (76%) being most common.
The most frequent feedback combination was process and task (92.1%).

Conclusions:

Hattie and Timperley's MFEL provides a framework for analyzing documented feedback in medical education.
The MFEL can help identify faculty development needs to enhance feedback effectiveness in residency programs.