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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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During ejaculation, males release around 2-5 milliliters of semen, which is a complex mixture of mature sperm and various fluids produced by accessory glands. The mature sperm cells measure approximately 60 micrometers in length and consist of a head, neck, midpiece, and tail. The head is flattened and tapered, measuring about 4 to 5 micrometers in length. It contains a nucleus with condensed chromosomes and an acrosome, a cap-like structure filled with enzymes essential for penetrating the...
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Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Biomarkers for Detecting Human Sperm Functional Defects
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Age-related changes in lncRNA expression in sperm.

Qiao Zhou1, Guangyao Li1, Hui Ji1

  • 1Department of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Translational Andrology and Urology
|June 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Older fathers show altered long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression in sperm, potentially impacting offspring neurodevelopment and cognitive health. This study highlights lncRNA changes in paternal aging.

Keywords:
Advanced paternal age (APA)human reproductionlong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs)offspring healthsperm

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Parenthood is increasingly delayed, raising concerns about offspring health risks like genetic disorders and neurodevelopmental issues.
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial in reproduction and epigenetics, regulating gene expression.
  • No prior research examined lncRNA expression profiles in sperm from older fathers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate alterations in lncRNA expression profiles in sperm from older fathers.
  • To explore the potential impact of these lncRNA changes on offspring health.

Main Methods:

  • Sperm samples from three older fathers (≥40 years) and three younger fathers (<40 years) were analyzed.
  • High-throughput sequencing was employed to assess lncRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in 8,154 lncRNAs (4,031 downregulated, 4,123 upregulated) were found between groups.
  • 2,930 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified (1,155 upregulated, 1,775 downregulated).
  • Functional enrichment analysis implicated pathways in metabolism, RNA transport, and protein hydrolysis; a network of 178 co-expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs was constructed.

Conclusions:

  • Spermatogenesis is regulated by lncRNAs.
  • This study offers preliminary insights into lncRNA expression changes in older fathers' sperm.
  • Findings may guide future research on offspring health in relation to paternal age.