Autoimmune Diseases: Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Pathology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Autoimmune diseases affect 10% of the global population, causing chronic inflammation and systemic dysfunction.
• Pathogenesis involves genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and immune dysregulation.
• These conditions present significant global health and economic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of common autoimmune diseases.
• To detail clinical manifestations, pathogenic mechanisms, and diagnostic methods.
• To explore current and emerging therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of preclinical and clinical studies.
• Synthesis of information on disease pathogenesis and clinical phenotypes.
• Analysis of diagnostic approaches, including autoantibodies.

Main Results:

• Detailed overview of autoimmune disease characteristics.
• Exploration of broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory drugs.
• Discussion of molecular-targeted therapies (e.g., JAK inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies) and cellular therapies (e.g., CAR T-cell, Treg therapy).

Conclusions:

• Current understanding of autoimmune diseases is synthesized.
• The review bridges basic science and clinical practice.
• Future advances in precision medicine for autoimmune diseases are highlighted.