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The Otago Exercise Program's effect on fall prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Chenyu Wang¹, Sung Min Kim^1,2,3

¹Department of Sport Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Frontiers in Public Health

|June 18, 2025

Summary

The Otago Exercise Program (OEP) enhances balance, gait, and leg strength in older adults, particularly those with health issues. It does not significantly improve overall physical function or upper body strength.

Keywords:

Otago exercise fall meta-analysis older adult prevention

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Rehabilitation Science
Public Health

Background:

Falls are a major concern for older adults, leading to injury and reduced independence.
The Otago Exercise Program (OEP) is a widely recognized fall prevention intervention.
Effectiveness of OEP may vary between healthy older adults and those with compromised health.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the effectiveness of the Otago Exercise Program (OEP) for fall prevention in generally healthy older adults versus those with compromised health.
To determine which group benefits more from the OEP intervention.

Main Methods:

A meta-analysis was conducted, synthesizing data from 15 studies involving 1,278 participants.
A systematic literature search was performed across major databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase).
Data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and meta-analysis were employed to evaluate intervention effectiveness.

Main Results:

The OEP significantly improved balance, gait, and lower limb strength in generally healthy older adults.
Improvements in gait and lower limb strength were more pronounced in older adults with compromised health.
No significant improvements were observed in physical function or upper limb strength for either group.

Conclusions:

The OEP is effective in improving key fall-related physical measures, especially for older adults with compromised health.
Limitations include potential bias, study heterogeneity, and intervention variations, necessitating cautious interpretation.
Future research should focus on diverse populations and adequate sample sizes to enhance findings' reliability.