Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in People with HIV: an Evidence-Based Review
Andrew T Read1, Jane Akodu2, Tristan J Barber2,3
1Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.)
|June 18, 2025
Summary
People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at higher risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). HIV accelerates COPD progression and may require unique management strategies beyond smoking cessation.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
Background:
- HIV co-infection is an emerging risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- HIV exacerbates COPD development through interactions with environmental factors like smoking, pollution, and infections.
- HIV independently contributes to COPD pathogenesis via oxidative stress, inflammation, immune dysfunction, and epigenetic changes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the epidemiology and pathophysiology of HIV-associated COPD.
- To discuss current and potential prevention and treatment strategies for HIV-associated COPD.
Main Methods:
- This is a review article, synthesizing existing research on HIV-associated COPD.
- The review covers epidemiological data, pathogenetic mechanisms, and clinical management.
Main Results:
- Individuals with HIV develop COPD more frequently, at a younger age, and experience faster lung function decline.
- HIV-associated COPD may present with distinct patterns of lung function abnormalities.
- Current management strategies are often extrapolated from the general COPD population.
Conclusions:
- HIV significantly impacts COPD development and progression, necessitating a deeper understanding for tailored interventions.
- While smoking cessation is crucial, unique management strategies are required for HIV-associated COPD.
- Further research into the specific mechanisms and clinical course of HIV-associated COPD is essential.
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