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The Parathyroid Glands

The Parathyroid Glands

The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...

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Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Published on: July 14, 2023

A STEPWISE APPROACH TO LOCALIZATION STUDIES IN PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM.

G Balci¹, A B Bahçecioğlu², F Avcı Merdin²

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

Acta Endocrinologica (Bucharest, Romania : 2005)

|June 18, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate localization of parathyroid adenomas is crucial for successful minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. Initial imaging methods like ultrasonography and MIBI-SPECT/CT are effective, with 18F-FCH PET/CT offering the highest positive predictive value for challenging cases.

Keywords:

Calcium PTH Parathyroid glands Phosphorus Primary hyperparathyroidism

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Last Updated: Sep 19, 2025

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Procurement of Parathyroid Glands from Living Donor Pigs and Ex Vivo Identification

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Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

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Published on: August 17, 2022

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Surgical Oncology
Nuclear Medicine

Background:

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) is a common endocrine disorder often requiring surgical intervention.
Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy is the preferred surgical approach, necessitating precise preoperative localization of abnormal parathyroid glands.
Effective localization strategies are vital for optimizing surgical outcomes and minimizing complications.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of various imaging modalities for parathyroid adenoma localization.
To correlate biochemical markers with parathyroid adenoma characteristics.

Main Methods:

A retrospective analysis of 327 primary hyperparathyroidism patients undergoing surgery.
Utilized initial localization techniques: ultrasonography (US), US-guided parathormone (PTH) washout, and 99mTechnetium-Sestamibi/123Iodine Scintigraphy (MIBI-SPECT/CT).
Employed advanced imaging: Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography (4D-CT) and 18F-Fluorocholine Positron Emission Tomography (18F-FCH PET/CT) for complex cases.

Main Results:

Minimally invasive surgery was performed in 74% of patients.
Histopathology confirmed single adenoma in 94.5%, hyperplasia in 5.2%, and cancer in 0.3%.
Positive predictive values (PPV) varied: US (84.56%), US-PTH washout (87.30%), MIBI-SPECT/CT (92.1%), 4D-CT (81.94%), and 18F-FCH PET/CT (95.83%).

Conclusions:

Serum calcium and PTH levels correlate with adenoma size.
Initial localization methods are generally effective for parathyroid adenoma detection.
18F-FCH PET/CT demonstrates the highest PPV for localization when initial imaging fails.