Evaluating Helicobacter pylori Infection as a Risk Factor for Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Case-Control Approach

Area of Science:

• Medical Science
• Gastroenterology
• Hematology

Background:

• Helicobacter pylori infection is increasingly recognized as a cause of extra-gastrointestinal issues, notably iron deficiency anemia (IDA).
• Understanding the relationship between H. pylori and IDA is crucial for effective patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and iron deficiency anemia using a case-control study.
• To analyze the prevalence of H. pylori in patients with IDA compared to healthy controls.

Main Methods:

• A case-control study involving 48 participants (24 IDA cases, 24 controls) matched for age and sex.
• H. pylori infection assessed via stool antigen or urea breath tests; data on diet, NSAID use, and symptoms collected.
• Statistical analysis using independent t-tests and chi-square tests (p < 0.05 significance).

Main Results:

• H. pylori positivity was significantly higher in IDA patients (87.5%) versus controls (29.2%) (p < 0.001).
• IDA cases showed lower hemoglobin, ferritin, and serum iron levels, with elevated total iron-binding capacity.
• Poor nutritional status and NSAID use were more common in H. pylori-positive individuals.

Conclusions:

• H. pylori infection is directly implicated in the development of iron deficiency anemia.
• Combined assessment and treatment of H. pylori infection show promise for managing IDA, particularly in at-risk populations.