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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen Bonds

A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

Enabling hydrogen chemisorption on charged graphene.

Patrick T Shea¹, Andrew J E Rowberg¹, Brandon C Wood¹

¹Quantum Simulations Group (QSG) and Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA. wood37@llnl.gov.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP

|June 18, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Electronic doping of graphene enhances hydrogen adsorption and diffusion kinetics for improved hydrogen storage. Positively charged graphene facilitates spillover mechanisms, paving the way for advanced graphitic materials in hydrogen energy applications.

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A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions

A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions

Published on: August 17, 2016

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Physical Chemistry
Computational Chemistry

Background:

Two-dimensional (2D) materials, particularly graphitic derivatives, show promise for hydrogen storage due to high capacity and low weight.
However, slow hydrogen adsorption/diffusion kinetics hinder their practical application in hydrogenation spillover processes.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate electronic doping as a strategy to enhance hydrogen chemisorption on graphene.
Explore the impact of doping on hydrogen adsorption, diffusion, and desorption kinetics for potential hydrogen storage applications.

Main Methods:

Utilized first-principles calculations to simulate hydrogen interactions with doped graphene.
Analyzed the electronic structure changes, focusing on the C-H bond and states near the Fermi level.

Main Results:

Positively charged graphene exhibits significantly improved hydrogen diffusion and adsorption kinetics.
Charging also reduces unwanted hydrogen desorption, favoring chemisorption via spillover.
Depopulation of states near the Fermi level due to electron removal lowers C-H bond energy, facilitating hydrogen movement.

Conclusions:

Electronic doping, especially positive charging, can overcome kinetic limitations in graphene-based hydrogen storage.
The findings suggest revisiting spillover mechanisms with charged graphitic systems.
While graphene may require substantial charging, the identified principles can enhance graphitic derivatives and other 2D materials for hydrogen storage.