4D Printing in Veterinarian Science: The Coming Technology

4D printing is a new evolution of 3D printing that allows materials to alter shape and properties over time or in response to their surroundings. This technique has potential uses in veterinary research, particularly in the development of medical devices for animals, such as prosthetic organs that can adapt to the animal's body or devices that can react to changes in the animal's body environment. 4D printing can also be used to make materials for wound healing and treatment in animals, such as structures that can be shaped based on treatment to promote the best successful recovery. This technology offers a bright future for improving animal care. This review is structured to cover the fundamental principles of 4D printing key applications in veterinary science, including tissue regeneration, custom implants, drug delivery and educational models, and discusses current challenges and future prospects in the field.