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Associations of Sarcopenia and Its Components With Cardiovascular Risk: Five-Year Longitudinal Evidence From China
Yang Chen1,2, Ziyi Zhong1,3, Konstantinos Prokopidis1,3
1Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital Liverpool United Kingdom.
Journal of the American Heart Association
|June 18, 2025
Summary
Possible sarcopenia, a condition of age-related muscle loss, is linked to a higher risk of new cardiovascular disease (CVD). This association, particularly concerning the 5-time chair stand test (5-CST), shows significant differences between men and women.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Cardiology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Sarcopenia, an age-related condition, has an unclear association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
- Understanding this link is crucial for public health interventions in aging populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between sarcopenia and its components with new-onset CVD in middle-aged and older adults.
- To explore potential sex-specific differences in this association.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (10,649 participants).
- Defined sarcopenia using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria.
- Employed multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression and Fine-Gray subdistribution hazards models for analysis over a mean follow-up of 4.60 years.
Main Results:
- Possible sarcopenia was associated with increased new-onset composite CVD risk (HR 1.21, SHR 1.20).
- No significant association was found for definite or severe sarcopenia.
- The 5-time chair stand test (5-CST) showed a sex-specific association with CVD risk; longer test times indicated higher risk, particularly in men.
Conclusions:
- Possible sarcopenia is linked to a higher risk of new-onset CVD.
- The 5-CST is a relevant indicator for CVD risk, with distinct thresholds for men and women.
- Progression to definite sarcopenia may not directly correlate with increased cardiovascular risk.
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