Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain
05:51

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain

Published on: July 24, 2016

19.8K

Enterovirus A-71 Associated Parainfectious Movement Disorders in Children

Suus A M van Noort1,2, Jan Willem J Elting2,3, Thomas Foiadelli4

  • 1Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Movement Disorders Clinical Practice
|June 18, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Enterovirus A-71 (EV-A71) infection can cause pediatric movement disorders like myoclonus and ataxia. Early recognition aids diagnosis and management of these parainfectious conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Pediatric movement disorders present diagnostic challenges due to complex phenotypes and broad differentials.
  • Acquired causes, such as Enterovirus A-71 (EV-A71) rhombencephalitis, require specific diagnostic considerations beyond genetic testing.
  • EV-A71-associated rhombencephalitis is a known cause of movement disorders in children, necessitating improved recognition.

Observation:

  • Four pediatric patients (21 months–12 years) with movement disorders and confirmed EV-A71 infection were studied.
  • All patients exhibited myoclonus, with one also presenting ataxia.
  • Both focal and generalized myoclonus were observed, with polymyography indicating a subcortical origin.

Findings:

  • Movement disorders in these cases were directly linked to EV-A71 infection.
  • The observed movement disorders resolved as the infection improved.
  • Polymyography confirmed a subcortical origin for the myoclonus.

Implications:

  • Recognizing EV-A71 parainfectious movement disorders in children facilitates appropriate and cost-effective diagnostic approaches.
  • Suspected EV-A71 infections warrant PCR testing in stool and nasopharyngeal samples.
  • Neuroimaging and polymyography are valuable tools for supporting the diagnosis of EV-A71-associated movement disorders.
Abstract

Keywords:
ataxiaenterovirusinfectionmovement disordermyoclonuspediatric

More Related Videos

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis05:52

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

15.0K
Detection and Genogrouping of Noroviruses from Children's Stools By Taqman One-step RT-PCR15:16

Detection and Genogrouping of Noroviruses from Children's Stools By Taqman One-step RT-PCR

Published on: July 22, 2012

17.3K

Related Concept Videos

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
615
Pathophysiology of Vomiting01:22

Pathophysiology of Vomiting

Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through...
1.2K
Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
5.1K
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
1.7K
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
2.9K