Quantum Entanglement Enables Single-Shot Trajectory Sensing for Weakly Interacting Particles.

Area of Science:

• Quantum Information Science
• Experimental High Energy Physics
• Dark Matter Searches

Background:

• Particle trajectory mapping is crucial for high energy physics experiments and dark matter detection.
• Quantum sensing protocols utilize multiqubit sensor arrays for trajectory inference.
• The particle-qubit interaction strength (θ) is a key parameter in these protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the role of entanglement in improving quantum sensing for particle trajectory mapping.
• To determine if entanglement can reduce the required particle-qubit interaction strength for accurate trajectory discrimination.
• To analyze the performance of entangled versus unentangled sensors in realistic, non-ideal conditions.

Main Methods:

• Quantum sensing protocol using projective measurements on a multiqubit sensor array.
• Theoretical analysis comparing the performance of entangled and unentangled sensor arrays.
• Simulation of realistic scenarios with continuous variation in particle-qubit interaction strength (e.g., Gaussian laser pulse).

Main Results:

• Entanglement dramatically reduces the particle-qubit interaction strength (θ) needed for perfect trajectory discrimination.
• Unentangled sensors require logarithmic repetitions (Θ[log(1/ε)]) for ε error probability, while entangled sensors achieve zero error in a single shot.
• Entanglement enhances trajectory sensing even when θ varies continuously across qubits.

Conclusions:

• Entanglement is a powerful resource for enhancing quantum trajectory sensing.
• Single-shot, high-fidelity particle trajectory discrimination is achievable with entangled quantum sensors.
• The findings have significant implications for improving sensitivity in high energy physics and dark matter detection experiments.