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Dynamical Lensing Tomography of Black Hole Ringdowns.

Zhen Zhong¹, Vitor Cardoso^1,2, Yifan Chen²

¹Universidade de Lisboa, CENTRA, Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.

Physical Review Letters

|June 18, 2025

Summary

Photon behavior near black holes during gravitational-wave events shows a unique deflection pattern. This phenomenon, mimicking ringdown, has implications for imaging astrophysical phenomena like black hole mergers.

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Area of Science:

Astrophysics
General Relativity
Gravitational Waves

Background:

Strong gravitational lensing is a key prediction of Einstein's theory of General Relativity.
Black holes, as extreme gravitational sources, significantly warp spacetime, affecting light paths.
Gravitational-wave events, such as black hole mergers, provide unique astrophysical environments to study these phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate strong gravitational lensing by a black hole in its ringdown phase.
To analyze the deflection angle of photons during the black hole's relaxation after a merger.
To explore the observational consequences of photon behavior near the photon ring orbit.

Main Methods:

Simulating photon trajectories in the spacetime around a settling black hole.
Analyzing the time-dependent deflection angle of photons.
Comparing photon deflection patterns to gravitational wave ringdown signals.

Main Results:

Photon deflection angles exhibit a pattern that mimics the gravitational wave ringdown signal at intermediate times.
At late times, the photon deflection shows an inverse cubic dependence on observation time.
The deviation angle increases exponentially as photons approach the unstable photon ring orbit.

Conclusions:

The study reveals a direct link between photon lensing and gravitational wave ringdown signals.
Findings are crucial for interpreting observational data from black hole mergers and related astrophysical phenomena.
The results have direct applications in imaging scenarios involving compact binaries and accretion disks.