Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

11.9K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
11.9K
Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error00:59

Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error

1.1K
An experiment often consists of more than a single step. In this case, measurements at each step give rise to uncertainty. Because the measurements occur in successive steps, the uncertainty in one step necessarily contributes to that in the subsequent step. As we perform statistical analysis on these types of experiments, we must learn to account for the propagation of uncertainty from one step to the next. The propagation of uncertainty depends on the type of arithmetic operation performed on...
1.1K
NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

784
When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
784
Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error01:10

Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error

897
The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this...
897
Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction03:00

Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction

21.4K
Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
21.4K
The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

25.2K
Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...
25.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dual-Action Niclosamide-Polysaccharide Nasal Spray for the Early Therapeutic Intervention of Respiratory Viral Infections.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Development of an osteo-angiogenic scaffold derived from decellularization of spheroid-embedded 3D constructs for vascularized bone regeneration.

Materials horizons·2026
Same author

Cross-domain evaluation and fine-tuned adaptation of iCatcher+ for Korean infant gaze data.

Infant behavior & development·2026
Same author

Coupling urea wastewater treatment with hydrogen production using interface-engineered copper oxide-graphitic carbon catalysts.

Environmental research·2026
Same author

A trolamine-enabled shape-morphing poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel with adaptive adhesion and therapeutic function for burn wound healing.

Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces·2026
Same author

A Nasal Spray Combining Camostat with a Natural Polysaccharide for the Prevention of Viral Infection via Nasal Mucosal Barrier Formation and Entry Inhibition.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.6K

How Much Entanglement Is Needed for Quantum Error Correction?

Sergey Bravyi1, Dongjin Lee2,3, Zhi Li2,4

  • 1IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, IBM Quantum, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|June 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantum error-correcting codes do not always require high entanglement to correct errors. This study reveals a tradeoff between code distance and entanglement for specific codes, but shows it doesn't hold universally.

More Related Videos

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.1K
Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

14.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 19, 2025

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.6K
Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.1K
Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

14.6K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Error Correction
  • Quantum Computing

Background:

  • A common belief posits that quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) necessitate high entanglement for error correction.
  • This implies that codes correcting more errors inherently require greater entanglement per encoded qubit.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between entanglement and error correction capabilities in QECCs.
  • To challenge the universal assumption of a strict entanglement-error correction tradeoff.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of the tradeoff between code distance (d) and geometric entanglement.
  • Geometric entanglement quantifies the maximal overlap of logical states with product or topologically trivial states.
  • Analysis of three specific code families: low-density parity-check codes, stabilizer codes, and codes with constant encoding rates.

Main Results:

  • A tradeoff exists for specific codes: maximum overlap decreases exponentially with code distance (d).
  • Geometric entanglement grows at least linearly with code distance (d) for these codes.
  • The distance-entanglement tradeoff is not universally applicable; families of codes exist where entanglement approaches zero for large code lengths.

Conclusions:

  • The necessity of high entanglement for robust quantum error correction is code-dependent.
  • Geometric entanglement provides a useful measure for characterizing this relationship.
  • Further research into diverse code constructions is needed to fully understand entanglement requirements in QECCs.