The therapeutic potential of naturally occurring 6-shogaol: an updated comprehensive review

Shogaol, a significant bioactive constituent of ginger, is present in several forms, including 4-, 6-, 8-, 10-, and 12-shogaol, with 6-shogaol identified as the most potent among them. Notably, 6-shogaol can be metabolized into 6-paradol, a compound that lacks pungency but retains biological activity. The primary focus of this review is to trace the diverse pharmacological effects of 6-shogaol, such as its anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, and to document the molecular mechanisms underlying these actions. 6-Shogaol's broad spectrum of benefits makes it valuable in the health, food, and beverage industries, where its unique taste, high biocompatibility, and ability to alleviate or prevent various health issues are particularly advantageous. Its multiple mechanisms of action, including the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation, contribute to its reputation as a promising natural compound. By highlighting the therapeutic potential of 6-shogaol, this review aims to provide a scientific foundation for its future development, clinical application, and incorporation into functional foods or pharmaceuticals, ultimately supporting its role as a versatile agent in promoting human health.