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Related Concept Videos

Steps in Outbreak Investigation01:18

Steps in Outbreak Investigation

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In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
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Diversity of Protists II01:27

Diversity of Protists II

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Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

387
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Prevalence and Incidence01:08

Prevalence and Incidence

838
In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
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Clade Ib Mpox Outbreak - Kenya, July 2024-February 2025.

Pius Mutuku, Ahmed Abade, Maurice Owiny

    MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
    |June 18, 2025
    PubMed
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    Kenya is experiencing a clade Ib Monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak primarily transmitted sexually. Public health efforts should target high-risk groups along transportation corridors.

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    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Virology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Kenya identified an mpox outbreak in July 2024, caused by clade Ib Monkeypox virus (MPXV).
    • This variant has spread internationally from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
    • This report details the initial 7-month epidemiological characteristics of this outbreak in Kenya.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize laboratory-confirmed clade Ib mpox cases in Kenya.
    • To identify transmission patterns and risk factors associated with the outbreak.
    • To inform targeted public health interventions.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of laboratory-confirmed mpox cases from July 2024 to February 2025.
    • Case data collection included demographics, clinical presentation, and epidemiological links.
    • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing confirmed mpox diagnoses.

    Main Results:

    • 48 out of 447 suspected cases were confirmed (10.7%).
    • Cases were concentrated along a major transportation corridor linking Kenya to neighboring countries.
    • High-risk groups included truck drivers, sex workers, and individuals near trucking stopovers, with suspected sexual transmission in 62.5% of cases.
    • 11 cases (22.9%) were co-infected with HIV, and one patient died.

    Conclusions:

    • Clade Ib MPXV in Kenya is predominantly sexually transmitted.
    • The outbreak is concentrated among specific high-risk populations and along key transportation routes.
    • Public health strategies, including vaccination, should focus on these identified groups and areas for maximum effectiveness.