Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Social Loafing01:37

Social Loafing

36.2K
Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated,...
36.2K
Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

39.0K
When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
39.0K
Confidence Coefficient01:24

Confidence Coefficient

7.9K
The confidence coefficient is also known as the confidence level or degree of confidence. It is the percent expression for the probability, 1-α, that the confidence interval contains the true population parameter assuming that the confidence interval is obtained after sufficient unbiased sampling; for example, if the CL = 90%, then in 90 out of 100 samples the interval estimate will enclose the true population parameter. Here α is the area under the curve, distributed equally under...
7.9K
Confidence Intervals01:21

Confidence Intervals

7.2K
An unbiased point estimate is often insufficient to predict a population estimate, such as population mean or population proportion. In this scenario, a confidence interval is used. A confidence interval is an estimate similar to a  sample proportion. However, unlike the point estimate which is a single value, the confidence interval  contains a range of values. These values have lower and upper limits, known as confidence limits, and can be designated as L1 and L2, respectively.
A...
7.2K
Uncertainty: Confidence Intervals00:54

Uncertainty: Confidence Intervals

4.8K
The confidence interval is the range of values around the mean that contains the true mean. It is expressed as a probability percentage. The interpretation of a 95% confidence interval, for instance, is that the statistician is 95% confident that the true mean falls within the interval. The upper and lower limits of this range are known as confidence limits. The confidence limits for the true mean are estimated from the sample's mean, the standard deviation, and the statistical factor...
4.8K
Confidence Interval for Estimating Population Mean01:25

Confidence Interval for Estimating Population Mean

8.1K
A point estimate of the population mean is obtained from a single sample. Such a point estimate does not represent a population well because it needs to account for variability in the population. Single point estimate can also be biased despite the sample being selected randomly. Thus, a point estimate is often unreliable. A confidence interval is needed to reduce this unreliability.
A confidence interval for the mean is a range of values that provides an estimate of the population mean. As the...
8.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Integrating PrEP and Sexual Reproductive Health Services for Adolescent Girls and Young Women in South Africa: A Scoping Review.

AIDS and behavior·2025
Same author

Consultant perception of the feasibility and effectiveness of infant and early childhood mental health consultation services provided virtually to early care and education.

Infant mental health journal·2025
Same author

Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of Psoralen-Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Nonhuman Primates.

Vaccines·2024
Same author

Subthalamic high-frequency deep brain stimulation reduces addiction-like alcohol use and the possible negative influence of a peer presence.

Psychopharmacology·2024
Same author

Breathe easy: encouraging climate-conscious inhalers.

Clinical medicine (London, England)·2024
Same author

Hedgehog-interacting protein acts in the habenula to regulate nicotine intake.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
11:18

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Published on: September 12, 2014

15.3K

A bounded confidence model to predict how group work affects student math anxiety.

Matthew S Mizuhara1, Katherine Toms1, Maya Williams1

  • 1Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The College of New Jersey, 2000 Pennington Road, Ewing, New Jersey 08618, USA.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)
|June 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Cooperative learning can reduce math anxiety, but peer interactions matter. Mathematical modeling suggests an optimal group size and random member switching can significantly lower student math anxiety.

More Related Videos

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance
08:17

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Published on: July 19, 2017

7.6K
Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics BM-PROMA
10:58

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics BM-PROMA

Published on: August 28, 2021

4.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
11:18

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Published on: September 12, 2014

15.3K
Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance
08:17

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Published on: July 19, 2017

7.6K
Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics BM-PROMA
10:58

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics BM-PROMA

Published on: August 28, 2021

4.6K

Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Computational Social Science
  • Mathematical Modeling

Background:

  • Math anxiety negatively impacts student performance and discourages STEM engagement.
  • Cooperative learning is a recognized strategy for reducing math anxiety and offers pedagogical benefits.
  • Peer interactions within groups can either alleviate or worsen math anxiety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complex dynamics of peer interactions on math anxiety using mathematical modeling.
  • To simulate how different interaction types influence math anxiety levels in students.

Main Methods:

  • A modified Hegselmann-Krause bounded confidence model was developed.
  • The model incorporates both attractive and repulsive interactions between students.
  • Monte Carlo simulations were employed to analyze the model's predictions.

Main Results:

  • Identified an optimal group size that minimizes average math anxiety.
  • Demonstrated that random group member switching at specific frequencies can substantially reduce math anxiety.
  • The model provides qualitative predictions on the impact of peer interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Mathematical modeling offers valuable insights into managing math anxiety in cooperative learning settings.
  • Group size and dynamic member composition are critical factors in mitigating math anxiety.
  • The model is adaptable for future research incorporating additional socio-personal variables.