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Adherence to Physical Activity and Incident Mobility Disability in Older Adults With Mobility Limitations
Alejandro Álvarez-Bustos1,2,3, Helio José Coelho-Junior1,2,4, Riccardo Calvani2,4
1Biomedical Research Center Network for Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
|June 18, 2025
Summary
Adherence to physical activity (PA) recommendations significantly lowers mobility disability risk in older adults with physical frailty and sarcopenia (PF&S). Higher adherence shows greater benefits, depending on baseline physical performance.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Public Health
- Exercise Science
Background:
- Physical frailty and sarcopenia (PF&S) significantly impact mobility independence in older adults.
- Physical activity (PA) combined with nutritional strategies are proposed for PF&S management, but effectiveness varies.
- Adherence to PA interventions may explain inconsistent outcomes in managing PF&S.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of adherence to physical activity (PA) sessions on the incidence of mobility disability in older adults with PF&S.
- To analyze the dose-response relationship between PA adherence and mobility disability risk.
- To determine if baseline physical performance modifies the effect of PA adherence on mobility disability.
Main Methods:
- Secondary analysis of a blinded, randomized controlled trial (SPRINTT, NCT02582138) involving 1444 older adults (70+ years) with PF&S across 11 European countries.
- Participants received either a multicomponent intervention (PA with tech support + nutrition) or a control (lifestyle education).
- Adherence to PA was categorized as below (BR), meeting (MR), or above (AR) recommendations (2-3 sessions/week). Mobility disability was defined as inability to complete a 400-m walk in <15 min.
Main Results:
- Higher adherence to PA (MR and AR) was associated with a significantly lower risk of mobility disability in individuals with lower baseline SPPB scores (3-7), in a dose-dependent manner.
- Individuals in the MR and AR groups showed substantially reduced risk compared to BR and control groups.
- In those with higher baseline SPPB scores (8-9), the BR group exhibited a higher risk of mobility disability, while MR and AR groups still demonstrated lower risk than the BR group.
Conclusions:
- Adherence to physical activity recommendations is crucial for reducing mobility disability incidence in older adults with PF&S.
- The benefits of PA adherence are dose-dependent and influenced by an individual's baseline physical performance.
- Tailoring PA interventions based on baseline physical function may optimize outcomes for older adults with PF&S.
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