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Global, Regional, and National Epidemiology of Pediatric Urolithiasis (1990-2021) and 2040 Forecast
Jintao Hu1,2, Jiarui Zhang3, Junjie Wang1,2
1Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Insights
Pediatric urolithiasis incidence and prevalence are rising globally, particularly in low-income regions. Addressing these trends requires focused prevention and treatment efforts to improve child urological health.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric urology
- Global health epidemiology
Background:
- Pediatric urolithiasis is a significant clinical issue leading to kidney damage and long-term health problems.
- Understanding disease trends is vital for effective public health strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze trends in pediatric urolithiasis incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021.
- To forecast the disease burden by 2040.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease Database 2021 for the period 1990-2021.
- Employed a systematic analysis to assess burden, trends, and predict future disease impact.
Main Results:
- In 2021, new cases increased by 15% since 1990, with prevalence also rising by 15%.
- Disability-adjusted life years decreased by 43% since 1990, but incidence and prevalence surged from 2015-2021.
- Lower Socio-Demographic Index regions showed higher disease burden, highlighting health inequities. Incidence is projected to surpass 1.53 million by 2040.
Conclusions:
- Global pediatric urolithiasis incidence and prevalence are expected to increase.
- Significant health inequities persist, especially in low Socio-Demographic Index regions.
- Targeted interventions in underserved areas are essential to mitigate the growing burden and improve global child urological health.
Purpose:
Pediatric urolithiasis is a common clinical condition that can cause kidney damage and long-term health complications. The aim of this study was to assess the trends in incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years of pediatric urolithiasis from 1990 to 2021 and to predict the burden of the disease in 2040.
Materials And Methods:
Detailed information on pediatric urolithiasis from 1990 to 2021 was collected from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 Database. Based on Global Burden of Disease data, a systematic approach was used to analyze the burden and trends in the incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years of pediatric urolithiasis from 1990 to 2021 and to predict the disease burden in 2040.
Results:
In 2021, there were 1,560,000 new cases, representing a 15% increase compared with 1990, with 920,000 cases in boys (58%) and 640,000 cases in girls (41%). Prevalence rose by 15%, while disability-adjusted life years decreased by 43% compared with 1990. However, from 2015 to 2021, both incidence and prevalence of pediatric urolithiasis significantly increased. Regions with a lower Socio-Demographic Index exhibited higher incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years, exacerbating disparities in disease burden. By 2040, incidence is expected to exceed 1.53 million.
Conclusions:
Global incidence and prevalence are expected to continue rising. Although disability-adjusted life years have decreased, health inequities remain prominent, particularly in low Socio-Demographic Index regions. To address the growing burden of pediatric urolithiasis, focusing on low-Socio-Demographic Index areas is crucial, prioritizing access to prevention and treatment resources to improve global child urological health.
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