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Cortisol and testosterone jointly affect adolescent fairness.

Rui Su1, Huagen Wang2, Xiang Ma1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Safe AI and Superalignment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.

Psychoneuroendocrinology
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adolescent fairness develops with age, favoring friends over strangers. Hormones like cortisol and testosterone influence these decisions, with unique patterns observed in males, highlighting sex-specific developmental pathways.

Keywords:
CortisolFairnessFriendStrangerTestosterone

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Social Neuroscience

Background:

  • Fairness is critical for adolescent social development and cooperation.
  • Adolescence involves significant hormonal changes, including cortisol and testosterone.
  • Limited research exists on the interaction of these hormones with adolescent fairness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how cortisol and testosterone interact in influencing fairness decisions in adolescents.
  • To examine developmental changes in strategic and pure fairness towards friends and strangers.
  • To explore sex-specific hormonal influences on fairness.

Main Methods:

  • 381 typically developing adolescents (mean age 14.6 years) participated.
  • Adapted Ultimatum Game (UG) and Dictator Game (DG) assessed strategic and pure fairness.
  • Measured bedtime basal cortisol and cortisol awakening response (CAR); testosterone levels were also assessed.

Main Results:

  • Adolescents showed increased preference for friends over strangers in fairness decisions as they matured.
  • Testosterone's association with strategic fairness varied with cortisol levels (bedtime basal and CAR).
  • These hormonal interactions were specific to male adolescents.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescent fairness development exhibits age-related changes and a bias towards friends.
  • Dual-hormonal influences of cortisol and testosterone on fairness are sex-specific.
  • These findings contribute to understanding the neuroendocrine basis of moral development in adolescence.