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Stuck in thought: Temporal interplay between cognitive building blocks of rumination
Gerly Tamm1, Ernst H W Koster1, Teague Henry2
1Psychopathology and Affective Neuroscience Lab (PANlab), Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium.
Behaviour Research and Therapy
|June 18, 2025
Summary
Understanding rumination is key to preventing depression. This study reveals how depressed mood, cognitive factors, and attentional control dynamically influence rumination over time.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Cognitive Science
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Repetitive negative thinking, including rumination, is a risk factor for depression.
- The temporal dynamics of rumination and associated cognitive factors are not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To model the time-varying associations between depressed mood, metacognitive beliefs, promotion focus, perfectionism, attentional control, and rumination.
- To investigate the interplay of these factors in daily life using ecological momentary assessment (EMA).
Main Methods:
- Utilized an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) approach with 95 participants experiencing depression.
- Employed data-driven multi-level vector autoregressive modeling (mlVAR) to analyze temporal networks.
- Examined temporal, contemporaneous, and between-subjects associations.
Main Results:
- Rumination was directly predicted by prior rumination, attentional control, beliefs about rumination, cognitive self-consciousness, promotion focus, and depressed mood.
- Contemporaneous and between-subjects networks showed co-activation of multiple cognitive factors.
- Identified temporal interplay among cognitive factors and rumination.
Conclusions:
- Findings support integrative theoretical models of rumination, highlighting bidirectional temporal associations.
- Results suggest potential direct and indirect intervention targets for modifying rumination and preventing depression.
Keywords:
Attention controlDepressionExperience samplingMetacognitionMoodNetwork analysisRuminationmlVARMore Related Videos
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