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Related Concept Videos

Development of Analytical Methods01:21

Development of Analytical Methods

An analytical methodology can be divided into four sequential steps: technique, method, procedure, and protocol. A technique is a scientific principle that rationalizes a specific phenomenon through chemical measurements. Adapting a technique for analyzing a sample of interest is termed a method. The procedure outlines the directions for performing the analysis via an analytical method. The protocol is the detailed guidelines on the procedure, which should be strictly followed to obtain the...
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In vitro dissolution and drug release tests assess how quickly and how much of a drug is released from its dosage form into an aqueous medium under standardized laboratory conditions. These tests are essential tools in pharmaceutical development and quality assurance, offering insight into the drug's performance before clinical use.During formulation development, dissolution testing identifies incomplete or inconsistent drug release issues. It also supports decisions on selecting the optimal...
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Various dissolution methods are utilized to assess a drug’s dissolution rate, including the flow-through cell, paddle-over-disk, cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods.The flow-through cell apparatus (USP (United States Pharmacopeia) method 4) comprises a reservoir for the dissolution medium and a pump that propels the medium through the cell containing the test sample. This method is crucial for assessing modified-release dosage forms with minimally soluble active ingredients, maintaining...

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Development of an Optimized Extraction Method to Recover Drug Material From Used Test Strips for Comprehensive Drug

Meghan G Appley1, Elise M Pyfrom1, Rae A Elkasabany2

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.

Drug Testing and Analysis
|June 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Drug-checking programs can now combine quick test strips with methanol extraction and mass spectrometry for comprehensive analysis. This method enhances drug threat identification by providing rapid, high-quality data from used test strips.

Keywords:
DART‐MSdrug checkingmass spectrometrytest strips

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Drug-checking programs face limitations with current point-of-need (test strips) and laboratory testing methods.
  • Test strips offer speed but lack specificity, while lab tests are comprehensive but slow.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for extracting compounds from used drug test strips for further analysis.
  • To combine rapid on-site information with comprehensive laboratory results for improved drug threat identification.

Main Methods:

  • Optimized a methanol extraction method for analytes from cut test strips (vortexing for 10s).
  • Assessed the feasibility of Direct Analysis in Real-Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) on extracts.
  • Determined the limits of detection (LODs) for various analytes.
  • Evaluated the method using used test strips from harm reduction sites.

Main Results:

  • DART-MS successfully identified compounds and the chemical background of test strips.
  • Achieved limits of detection as low as a mass fraction of 0.005.
  • Demonstrated 96% concordance between extracts and initial test strip results.
  • Showed approximately 80% agreement in compound identification between used strip extracts and authentic samples.

Conclusions:

  • Additional analysis of extracted test strips offers a low-barrier, high-quality testing approach.
  • This method can significantly increase data on the evolving drug landscape.
  • Enhances drug checking capabilities by bridging the gap between rapid screening and detailed analysis.