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Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Upper-extremity Approach for Secondary Access in Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Published on: August 8, 2025
Manuel Carnero-Alcázar1, Ivan Javier Nuñez-Gil2, Isidre Vilacosta3
1Cardiac Surgery, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain mcarneroalcazar@gmail.com.
The risk of permanent pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in Spain increased from 2017 to 2022. This rise was not linked to patient factors or hospital volume, suggesting a need for improved TAVI strategies.
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