Biosynthesis and Medicinal Value of Flavonoids and Chromones in Agarwood

Agarwood is a highly valued resinous wood typically formed in Aquilaria sinensis as a defensive response to external damage, such as external injury or stress. It has a high market economy value and can be used not only as ornamental art but also for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. During the growth and development of A. sinensis, the regulation of genes and secondary metabolites is particularly important. However, research on the composition of A. sinensis secretions following injury remains in its early stages. This study investigates resin secretion by A. sinensis in response to external damage. Results revealed that A. sinensis secretes a large amount of 2-(2-phenethyl) chromone compounds in response to external damage. Because the chemical structures of these compounds are considerably similar to those of flavonoids, this study compares the two types of compounds from the perspectives of their metabolite chemical structures, biosynthetic pathways, triggered molecular responses, and medicinal value. The analysis of the main chemical components of agarwood and its medicinal value can serve as a foundation for the artificial cultivation of high-quality agarwood in the future.