Shifting the detection range of cell biosensors toward high concentrations using ligand-related exporters for...

Cell biosensors are powerful tools for detecting chemical signals, but their performance is often limited by saturation and toxicity at high ligand concentrations. In this study, we introduced a strategy to shift the detection range of biosensors toward high ligand concentrations by using specific and nonspecific exporters within bacterial or mammalian cells. We optimized the biosensor of nisin A using the specific NisFEG exporter, shifting the detection range, and enabling more effective screening of high-yield producers. Furthermore, we identified the nonspecific AcrAB-TolC exporter, regulated by the regulatory activator MarA, which shifted the detection range of quorum-sensing (QS) biosensors, enabling their application for controlling cell autolysis and enhancing bioconversion. This system was also applied in a cancer therapy model, in which the biosensor-mediated release of therapeutic agents significantly inhibited tumor growth in mice. Our results demonstrate that ligand-related exporters can enhance biosensor performance in high-concentration environments, creating a versatile platform for applications.