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Data-Assisted Design of Temperature-Resistant Weakly Solvating Electrolyte for All-Climate 500 Wh/kg Lithium-Metal
Zhongzhe Li1,2, Weiyu Wang1, Wanyao Zhang1
1College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China.
ACS Nano
|June 18, 2025
Summary
A novel temperature-resistant weakly solvating electrolyte (TRWSE) was designed using a data-driven approach, enabling stable lithium-metal batteries across a wide temperature range. This breakthrough suppresses dendrites and enhances performance at extreme temperatures.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Energy Storage
Background:
- Lithium-metal batteries require electrolytes with excellent temperature adaptability for high energy density applications.
- Designing temperature-resistant weakly solvating electrolytes (TRWSEs) and understanding their behavior across temperatures remain significant challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To efficiently design an ideal TRWSE with a low melting point.
- To investigate the temperature-dependent evolution of TRWSEs from solvation structures to interphase formation and lithium deposition.
Main Methods:
- A data-driven strategy was employed to design a TRWSE with a melting point of -136 °C.
- The study analyzed the intrinsic solvation structures, electrolyte-electrode interphases, and lithium deposition characteristics at various temperatures.
Main Results:
- The designed TRWSE exhibited temperature-insensitive solvation structures, interphases, and lithium deposition, particularly at low temperatures.
- Lithium dendrite formation was suppressed at -30 °C, achieving a Coulombic efficiency of 98.2%.
- NCM811||Li cells demonstrated superior cycling stability with nearly 100% capacity retention after 300 cycles at -30 °C.
Conclusions:
- The developed TRWSE enables stable operation of lithium-metal batteries at ultralow temperatures, suppressing dendrites and maintaining high performance.
- Large-scale 8.5 Ah pouch cells achieved high energy density (507 Wh kg-1) and maintained 92.3% capacity retention at -70 °C, with discharge capability down to -110 °C.
