Extracurricular Activities-Extra Beneficial: The Role of Motivation for Extracurricular Activities on Outcomes in
Jérémie Verner-Filion1, Anne C Holding2,3, Isabelle Gingras3
1Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, Canada.
Introduction:
There is growing interest in the developmental consequences of extracurricular activities. While past research has mostly focused on the direct effect of extracurricular activities on outcomes (Farb and Matjasko 2012; Marsh and Kleitman 2002), the current study used a Self-Determination Theory (SDT) framework to test a serial mediation model in which self-determined motivation for extracurricular activities was positively associated with indicators of students' functioning through the mediating role of self-determined school motivation and psychological need satisfaction in school. Moreover, the current study aimed at testing SDT's claim that psychological need satisfaction is universally applicable across contexts and cultures.
Method:
A total of 886 high-school students (Mage = 14.95, SDage = 1.77) from China (n = 267), USA (n = 281), Canada (n = 195), and France (n = 143) completed a questionnaire assessing motivation for extracurricular activity and school-related variables including motivation, need satisfaction, mood, stress, perceptions of overscheduling, and intentions to dropout. Teacher reports of students' motivation, self-efficacy, optimism, and missed school days were collected for a subsample of Canadian, American, and French students (n = 219).
Results:
Findings of a cross-sectional mediation model revealed that across cultures, self-determined motivation for extracurricular activities was positively associated with indicators of academic functioning for student and teacher-rated outcomes through the mediating effects of self-determined academic motivation and psychological need satisfaction in school.
Conclusion:
These findings underscore the importance of students' perceptions of motivation and psychological need satisfaction in demonstrating how extracurricular activities may be positively related to school functioning across cultures.
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