Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

1.2K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
1.2K
Entropy02:39

Entropy

31.4K
Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
31.4K
Distribution of Molecular Speeds01:27

Distribution of Molecular Speeds

4.2K
The motion of molecules in a gas is random in magnitude and direction for individual molecules, but a gas of many molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds. This predictable distribution of molecular speeds is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The distribution of molecular speeds in liquids is comparable to that of gases but not identical and can help to understand the phenomenon of the boiling and vapor pressure of a liquid. Consider that a molecule requires a...
4.2K
Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Problem Solving01:20

Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Problem Solving

1.8K
Individual molecules in a gas move in random directions, but a gas containing numerous molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds, which is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, f(v).
This distribution function f(v) is defined by saying that the expected number N (v1,v2) of particles with speeds between v1 and v2 is given by
1.8K
Spontaneity02:21

Spontaneity

24.9K
A spontaneous process is one that occurs naturally under certain conditions. A nonspontaneous process, on the other hand, will not take place unless it is “driven” by the continual input of energy from an external source. Processes have a natural tendency to occur in one direction under a given set of conditions. Water will naturally flow downhill (spontaneous process), but uphill flow (nonspontaneous process) requires outside intervention such as the use of a pump. Iron exposed to...
24.9K
The Principle of Superposition and the Gravitational Field01:17

The Principle of Superposition and the Gravitational Field

1.6K
The principle of superposition applies to gravitational forces of objects that are sufficiently far apart. It states that the net gravitational force on a point object is the vector sum of the gravitational forces on it due to various objects. The principle helps calculate the force by listing the individual forces and then vectorially summing them up. However, it should be noted that the principle of superposition is not always apparent. In the presence of a second force, the first force could...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Persistent postpartum proteinuria, renal dysfunction, and future chronic kidney disease risk in women with preeclampsia.

Pregnancy hypertension·2026
Same author

An Elderly Patient With Status Epilepticus Caused by a Dural Arteriovenous Fistula.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Molecular basis underlying the isoprene emission diversity in Fagaceae.

Plant physiology·2026
Same author

Preoperative Botulinum Toxin A Within an Endoscopic Retromuscular Strategy for Ventral Hernia Repair: A Preliminary Prospective Study in Japanese Patients.

Asian journal of endoscopic surgery·2026
Same author

Elastocapillary lifting and encapsulation of water by a triangular elastic film under gravity.

Soft matter·2026
Same author

Surgical technique for partial-layer tracheal resection for esophageal cancer with tracheal invasion.

Esophagus : official journal of the Japan Esophageal Society·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

8.6K

Stochastic heat differences between many-particle and density-field descriptions.

Takuya Saito1, Yutaka Sumino2,3

  • 1Aoyama Gakuin University, Department of Physical Sciences, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Japan.

Physical Review. E
|June 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study compares discrete and continuous stochastic models for heat differences between particle and density fields. Continuous models show minimal temporal variation, while discrete models reveal explicit temporal dynamics in entropic terms.

More Related Videos

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection
07:28

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection

Published on: September 5, 2018

6.6K
Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package
06:37

Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package

Published on: September 17, 2021

4.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 19, 2025

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

8.6K
Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection
07:28

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection

Published on: September 5, 2018

6.6K
Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package
06:37

Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package

Published on: September 17, 2021

4.6K

Area of Science:

  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Computational Physics
  • Polymer Physics

Background:

  • Stochastic descriptions are crucial for modeling complex systems.
  • Understanding heat differences at different scales is a fundamental challenge.
  • Bridging particle-level and continuum-level descriptions requires robust theoretical frameworks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare spatiotemporally discrete and continuous stochastic descriptions of heat differences.
  • To analyze the role of the entropic term in defining these heat differences.
  • To explore the implications for many-polymer systems.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of heat differences between particle and density fields.
  • Spatial projection from particle positions to density fields.
  • Comparison of continuous (Langevin to Dean-Kawasaki) and discrete model formalisms.

Main Results:

  • Both discrete and continuous descriptions define heat differences via an entropic term related to number density.
  • Continuous descriptions exhibit minimal temporal variation in heat differences due to sparse particle distributions.
  • Discrete models demonstrate explicit temporal evolution of the entropic term.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of stochastic description (discrete vs. continuous) impacts the temporal dynamics of entropic heat differences.
  • The findings offer insights into the interpretation and applicability of heat differences.
  • The study provides perspectives for modeling many-polymer systems using these stochastic approaches.