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Longitudinal Suicide Risk in Children and Adolescents With Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic
Peter Garas1, Zsofia K Takacs2, Judit Balázs3,4
1Mental Health Sciences School, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Brain and Behavior
|June 19, 2025
Summary
Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) face a significantly higher risk of suicidal behavior, including ideation, attempts, and death. This meta-analysis confirms the elevated risk, highlighting the complexity of the relationship.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Public Health
Background:
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder impacting youth quality of life.
- Previous research indicates a potential link between ADHD and increased suicidal behavior.
- A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies specifically on ADHD and suicidality was lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies examining the relationship between ADHD and suicidal behavior.
- To quantify the risk of overall suicidality, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and death in individuals with ADHD.
Main Methods:
- A systematic search was performed across major databases (OVID Medline, PsychInfo, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science).
- Included studies were longitudinal, focused on participants under 18 at baseline with a clinical ADHD diagnosis, and reported on suicidal behavior.
- Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis and narrative review.
Main Results:
- Individuals with ADHD showed significantly elevated odds for overall suicidality (OR = 3.336), suicidal ideation (OR = 3.956), suicide attempts (OR = 3.344), and death (OR = 3.891).
- Participant ages ranged from 5.2 to 14.94 years, with most participants being male.
- Suicidal behavior was more prevalent in the combined and hyperactive/impulsive ADHD subtypes.
Conclusions:
- This meta-analysis confirms that individuals with ADHD have an increased risk of suicidal behavior.
- The relationship between ADHD and suicidality is complex and influenced by factors such as ADHD subtypes, age, sex, comorbidities, and social issues.
- Further research is needed to understand the nuances of these influencing factors.
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