Tailoring Superlattice Dimensions: A Pathway to Emergent Quantum Functional Devices

The evolution of materials engineering has been constrained by the limitations inherent in naturally occurring materials. However, superlattices (SLs) with tunable dimensions (0D-3D) have revolutionized this field by enabling precise control over atomic-scale periodicity and interfacial interactions, synergistically integrating multifunctional properties from diverse materials. Beyond natural atomic configurations, these engineered structures can achieve unconventional atomic arrangements, thus unlocking unprecedented material capabilities toward emergent quantum functional devices. This review systematically examines recent advancements in SLs' research, including synthesis methods through physical and chemical approaches tailored to various dimensionalities. A comparative analysis of fabrication techniques and application domains is provided to guide future method selection. Furthermore, emerging applications of SLs in optical modulation, bandgap engineering, photoelectronic conversion, and magnetic property transitions are comprehensively discussed. The advantages and limitations of SLs across dimensions are critically evaluated, followed by proposals for innovative solutions that integrate machine-learning-aided design and in situ characterization techniques. This review aims to provide actionable insights for developing next-generation SL-based quantum functional devices.