Exploring the association between self-esteem and blood pressure: A cross-sectional and longitudinal investigation

High self-esteem is linked to favorable outcomes including better mental health and relationships, however, its impact on cardiovascular health is less understood. This study examined the relationship between self-esteem and blood pressure levels using data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study (M_age = 54.53; 57% women; 20% non-White). We hypothesized that higher self-esteem would be associated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure concurrently and 10 years later. Self-esteem was measured with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and blood pressure was clinically assessed. Cross-sectional analyses included 1194 participants; longitudinal analyses included 566 participants. Contrary to expectations, higher self-esteem was associated with increased SBP over time (p = 0.04). However, no significant cross-sectional relationships were found. These findings suggest self-esteem may not consistently predict blood pressure, although it could be related to SBP in the long term, warranting further research into the impact of self-esteem on cardiovascular health.