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Rodent models of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: a systematic scoping review.
Da-Yeong Min1, Song-Yi Kim2, Ji-Yeun Park1
1College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Frontiers in Endocrinology
|June 19, 2025
Summary
This review highlights inconsistencies in rodent models for functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA), emphasizing the need for standardized estrous cycle monitoring and biomarker analysis in future research on FHA, primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Endocrinology
- Animal Models in Research
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) presents complex etiological challenges and treatment difficulties, necessitating a deeper understanding of its mechanisms.
- Rodent models are crucial for investigating FHA, primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but require methodological refinement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and analyze current research methodologies and findings from rodent models of FHA.
- To identify research gaps and provide insights for future investigations into FHA, POI, and PCOS using animal models.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was performed on EMBASE and MEDLINE up to September 23, 2022, targeting FHA, POI, and PCOS studies in rodent models.
- Data extraction focused on animal models, induction methods, outcomes, and mechanistic exploration, with comparative analysis of findings.
Main Results:
- Analysis of 30 articles (9 FHA, 14 POI, 7 PCOS) revealed diverse FHA induction methods (diet, exercise) and inconsistent estrous cycle monitoring.
- Mechanistic investigations varied, with some focusing on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and others on ovarian abnormalities.
- Comparative analysis identified specific research gaps and potential future directions for FHA, POI, and PCOS models.
Conclusions:
- Standardized estrous cycle monitoring and biomarker measurements are essential for advancing FHA research.
- Future studies should investigate hormonal fluctuations and explore therapeutic targets for ovarian inflammation and androgen involvement in FHA models.
