Nanosheet zeolites: controlled synthesis, characterization, and advanced catalysis applications

Zeolites are extensively utilized in over 40% of acid-catalyzed reactions owing to their well-ordered microporous structures, excellent hydrothermal stabilities, and tunable active sites. However, the exclusive presence of micropores coupled with extended diffusion pathways impedes molecular transport, leading to catalyst deactivation because of carbon deposition. Consequently, nanosheet zeolites with two-dimensional structures have emerged as promising candidates to mitigate the diffusion limitations, attracting considerable research interest in the past few decades. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the recent advances in the synthesis strategies and catalytic applications of nanosheet zeolites. Various synthesis approaches, including in situ hydrothermal synthesis and post-synthetic treatments are highlighted. Furthermore, we systematically analyze the physicochemical properties of nanosheet zeolites and their demonstrated effectiveness in diverse catalytic reactions, such as methanol conversion, cracking, isomerization, alkylation, carbonylation, and oxidation reactions. This review provides a foundational framework for the rational design of nanosheet zeolite catalysts and offers insights into their potential application in next-generation industrial catalysis.