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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
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What's in a Name? The Case for Using "Rotator Cuff-Related Shoulder Pain" in Clinical Practice.

Jeremy Lewis, Paul E Mintken, Amy W McDevitt

    The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy
    |June 19, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    Diagnosing shoulder pain is challenging without clear diagnostic accuracy. "Rotator cuff-related shoulder pain" is proposed as a more accurate and understandable clinical term for patients experiencing shoulder symptoms.

    Keywords:
    differential diagnosis/primary carerotator cuffshouldertendinopathy/tendinitisupper extremity

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    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedics
    • Sports Medicine
    • Physical Therapy

    Background:

    • Current diagnostic labels for shoulder pain lack accuracy, leading to patient confusion and ineffective treatment.
    • Terms like subacromial pain syndrome and nonspecific shoulder pain fail to identify specific causative structures.
    • The validity of diagnoses such as tendinopathy, tendinosis, and tendinitis is questioned due to the complex nature of shoulder symptoms.

    Discussion:

    • Rotator cuff tendons are not the sole source of shoulder pain, challenging traditional diagnostic approaches.
    • Patients require pain to be explained and treatments to be logical for engagement.
    • Existing terminology does not meet these patient-centered needs.

    Key Insights:

    • A recent global survey indicated strong clinician preference for the term "rotator cuff-related shoulder pain".
    • This term offers a more accurate and clinically relevant descriptor than previous labels.
    • It acknowledges the multifactorial nature of shoulder symptoms without oversimplifying the pathology.

    Outlook:

    • Widespread adoption of "rotator cuff-related shoulder pain" could improve patient understanding and treatment adherence.
    • Further research should explore the impact of this terminology on clinical outcomes.
    • This shift in language may encourage more nuanced and effective management strategies for shoulder conditions.