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Facilitation Thinking for Coexistence Theory.

Aubrie R M James1,2, Margaret M Mayfield2,3, Malyon D Bimler3

  • 1Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Ecology Letters
|June 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Facilitation, a key species interaction, is underrepresented in coexistence theory. Introducing 'facilitation thinking' can bridge this gap, improving our understanding of biodiversity maintenance and species coexistence.

Keywords:
coexistencecompetitiondiversityecological theoryfacilitationspecies interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Community Ecology
  • Biodiversity Science

Background:

  • Species interactions are crucial for maintaining biodiversity.
  • Facilitation, a common interaction, is theoretically underdeveloped in predicting species coexistence.
  • Existing coexistence theory often overlooks the impact of facilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underrepresentation of facilitation in ecological coexistence theory.
  • To propose 'facilitation thinking' as a framework to integrate facilitation into coexistence models.
  • To redefine coexistence by incorporating diverse species interaction outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and theoretical evaluation of facilitation in ecology.
  • Analysis of contemporary coexistence theory and its ambivalence towards facilitation.
  • Conceptual development of 'facilitation thinking'.

Main Results:

  • Facilitation is empirically widespread but theoretically marginalized in coexistence studies.
  • A significant gap exists between empirical observations of facilitation and mathematical coexistence theory.
  • Current theories inadequately capture the full spectrum of species interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating facilitation into theory is essential for a comprehensive understanding of species coexistence.
  • Facilitation thinking can reconfigure basic definitions and predictions of coexistence.
  • An expanded coexistence theory accounting for diverse interactions is needed for biodiversity maintenance.