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Related Concept Videos

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management01:22

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

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Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned...
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General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
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Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications01:19

Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications

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Respiratory assessment is a cornerstone of nursing assessments, crucial for the early detection of patient deterioration. This evaluation transcends routine procedures, representing a critical skill nurses must master to ensure optimal patient care.
Objectives and Importance:
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Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
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Pediatric obstructive sleep-disordered breathing and anesthetic considerations.

Yaqi Hu1, Samantha Smith2, Alice T Coombs1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.

Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology
|June 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (oSDB) can lead to neurocognitive issues and perioperative complications. Anesthesia providers need to understand oSDB pathophysiology and current guidelines for optimal patient care.

Keywords:
adenotonsillectomypediatric obstructive sleep apneaperioperative respiratory adverse events

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (oSDB) is increasingly recognized in pediatric populations.
  • oSDB is associated with significant neurocognitive deficits and developmental challenges.
  • The condition poses unique risks during the perioperative period.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of pediatric obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (oSDB).
  • To examine the implications of oSDB for anesthesia.
  • To provide recommendations for perioperative care in children with oSDB.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathophysiology, anesthetic management, and perioperative care for pediatric oSDB.
  • Synthesis of current evidence and guidelines.
  • Expert consensus on best practices.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric patients with oSDB exhibit neurocognitive impairments.
  • These patients face an elevated risk of perioperative complications, including respiratory events.
  • Understanding oSDB pathophysiology is crucial for safe anesthetic management.

Conclusions:

  • Anesthesia providers must possess a comprehensive understanding of pediatric oSDB pathophysiology.
  • Staying updated on current perioperative care recommendations is essential.
  • This knowledge is vital to minimize adverse events in pediatric patients with oSDB.