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Community-Based Intelligent Blood Glucose Management for Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Based on the Health Belief
Anqi Zhang1,2,3, Jinsong Wang1,2, Xiaojuan Wan2
1The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, No. 368, Hanjiang Middle Road, Yangzhou City, Yangzhou, 225009, China, 86 15952771632.
Background:
The number of older patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing, and effective self-management is crucial for controlling disease progression and its complications.
Objective:
We designed a home telemedicine intervention that combines telemedicine with health education based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). This study evaluated its effectiveness on self-management in older patients with T2D.
Methods:
Between March and April 2022, we recruited 198 community-dwelling patients with T2D aged 65 years and older. Patients were randomly assigned to either a control group, which received a conventional diabetes management program, or an intervention group, which received a home telemedicine intervention with a health education program based on the HBM. The intervention lasted 6 months. The primary outcome measured was glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c); secondary outcomes included diabetes self-management capacity, self-efficacy, and health beliefs. We collected outcome metrics at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Generalized estimating equations were used to compare changes in outcomes.
Results:
A total of 96.5% (191/198) of patients completed the study. From baseline to 6 months, HbA1c decreased by mean -0.99% (95% CI -1.60% to -0.60%) in the intervention group and mean -0.42% (95% CI -0.90% to 0.90%) in the control group. The intervention group experienced a significantly greater reduction of 0.42% compared to the control group (95% CI 0.12%-0.73%). Furthermore, compared to the control group, the intervention group showed significant improvements in diabetes self-management skills (mean 5.88, 95% CI 4.98-6.79), self-efficacy (mean 9.40, 95% CI 8.15-10.66), and health beliefs (mean 19.54, 95% CI 17.71-21.36) at both 3 and 6 months.
Conclusions:
Home telemedicine interventions incorporating health education based on the HBM can provide significant benefits for community-dwelling older patients with T2D, potentially offering new avenues for chronic disease prevention and management. However, future large-scale studies are required to further assess their effectiveness and feasibility.
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