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The Role of Exercise-Mode Variation in Daily Load Management Among World-Class Cross-Country Skiers.
Jacob Walther1, Jan Kocbach2, Øyvind Sandbakk3
1Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Therapy, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany.
Summary
World-class cross-country skiers exhibit varied training modes, rarely exceeding 50% monotony. Intensive sessions are typically spaced apart, except during competition periods, revealing insights into endurance training periodization.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Exercise Physiology
- Endurance Training
Background:
- Understanding training periodization is crucial for optimizing performance in elite endurance athletes.
- Cross-country skiing demands a high volume of diverse endurance training modes.
- Previous research has not detailed the day-to-day exercise mode distribution in elite cross-country skiers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To retrospectively analyze the daily exercise mode periodization in world-class cross-country skiers.
- To investigate the variability and monotony of training modes across different training periods.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 365 days of self-reported training data from 17 elite cross-country skiers.
- Data collected included session duration, intensity, and modality (e.g., skating, classical skiing, running, cycling).
- Training was divided into general preparation (GP) and competition periods (CP); mode monotony was calculated.
Main Results:
- Mean weekly mode monotony was 48.3% in GP and 55.0% in CP, negatively correlating with training load.
- Skiers commonly used the same mode with 1-3 day gaps, but intensive sessions in the same mode were typically spaced longer.
- During CP, intensive sessions (including races) in the same mode occurred on consecutive days more frequently than in GP.
Conclusions:
- Elite cross-country skiers demonstrate high variability in training modes, with monotony generally below 50%.
- The spacing of intensive sessions varies significantly between general preparation and competition periods.
- Findings offer insights into practical day-to-day training strategies for optimizing endurance performance.
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