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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

375
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Mucosal Defense Factors01:24

Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Mucosal Defense Factors

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Peptic ulcer disease, commonly called PUD, represents a multifaceted condition characterized by disruptions in the lining of the gastrointestinal (GI)  tract. Central to the protection of the gastrointestinal lining is the mucosal-bicarbonate barrier. This physiological defense mechanism is a formidable shield against the corrosive effects of gastric acid and pepsin secretion in the stomach. Its role is pivotal in maintaining the structural integrity of the stomach's inner lining.
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Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach01:25

Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach

848
The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
Within parietal cells, carbonic acid is first formed through the reaction of water and carbon dioxide. The dissociation of carbonic acid releases bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate...
848

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Preparation, Characteristics, Toxicity, and Efficacy Evaluation of the Nasal Self-Assembled Nanoemulsion Tumor Vaccine In Vitro and In Vivo
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Nanoparticle-Driven Modulation of Mucosal Immunity and Interplay with the Microbiome.

Won Jung1, Young Min Son1

  • 1Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si 17546, Republic of Korea.

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
|June 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Nanoparticles (NPs) offer novel strategies to modulate mucosal immunity and microbiota, aiding in disease prevention and treatment. These NP platforms enhance the delivery of beneficial microbes and restore epithelial barrier function for mucosal health.

Keywords:
Mucosal immunitymicrobiome modulationnanoparticle-based deliveryprebiotic nanoparticleprobiotic nanoparticlesynbiotic nanoparticle

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Mucosal surfaces are crucial for host defense and microbial balance.
  • Dysbiosis and immune disruptions are linked to diseases like IBD, asthma, and bacterial vaginosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review nanoparticle (NP)-based strategies for modulating mucosal immunity and microbiota.
  • To highlight NP applications in delivering probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for targeted immunomodulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advances in organic and inorganic NP-based strategies.
  • Analysis of NP capabilities in penetrating mucus, facilitating colonization, and modulating cytokines.
  • Discussion of NP applications in gastrointestinal, respiratory, and female reproductive mucosal tissues.

Main Results:

  • NPs enhance delivery and stability of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics.
  • NP strategies improve mucus penetration, microbial colonization, and epithelial barrier restoration.
  • NP-based therapies show promise for colitis, respiratory inflammation, and vaginal dysbiosis.

Conclusions:

  • NP platforms provide precise modulation of mucosal immunity and microbiota.
  • Significant potential exists for NP-based prevention and treatment of mucosal-associated diseases.
  • Challenges in biosafety, targeting, and clinical translation require further research.