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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

Dynamic Sub-Nanoscale "Water Fingers" in Interfacial Polymerization.

Zhaohuan Mai¹, Tomohisa Yoshioka^1,2, Akshay Deshmukh³

¹Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|June 20, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sub-nanoscale water fingers control monomer transport during interfacial polymerization, dictating polyamide film structure and performance. This discovery offers new strategies for designing advanced ultrathin membranes.

Keywords:

interfacial polymerization liquid interface membranes molecular dynamics water structures

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Chemical Engineering
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Interfacial polymerization (IP) is crucial for high-performance membrane fabrication.
Molecular dynamics governing monomer transport across liquid-liquid interfaces in IP are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of sub-nanoscale water structures in modulating monomer transport during interfacial polymerization.
To elucidate the impact of these water structures on the resulting polyamide film properties.

Main Methods:

Utilized molecular dynamics simulations.
Studied archetypal membrane-forming systems: m-phenylenediamine (MPD)-trimesoyl chloride (TMC) for reverse osmosis and piperazine (PIP)-TMC for nanofiltration.

Main Results:

Identified "water fingers" (transient water molecule chains) that influence amine monomer behavior at the interface.
Demonstrated that water fingers differentially stabilize monomer transport across the aqueous-organic interface.
Correlated water finger dynamics with experimentally observed differences in film density and permeability.

Conclusions:

Water fingers are critical, tunable elements that govern monomer transport in interfacial polymerization.
Provides a new physical understanding of interfacial reactivity and monomer transport dynamics.
Opens new avenues for designing ultrathin films and advanced interfacial materials.