A nanomagnetic triazole-based Schiff-base complex of palladium(0) as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the
Yassin T H Mehdar1, Fatimah Mohammed Alshamsan2, Asma Ahmad Nashawi3
1Department of Chemistry, Taibah University P. O. Box 30002 Al-Madinah *Al-Munawwarah*, 14177 Saudi Arabia yassinthmehdar@gmail.com ymehdar@taibahu.edu.sa.
Abstract:
A novel magnetically recoverable palladium(0) catalyst, [Fe3O4@triazole-Schiff-base-Pd(0)], was synthesized via a simple three-step functionalization. Magnetite nanoparticles were first modified with a haloalkane silane linker to introduce C-Cl functionalities, followed by nucleophilic substitution with a triazole-Schiff-base ligand derived from 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and salicylaldehyde. Finally, coordination with palladium chloride and in situ reduction to Pd(0) afforded a stable, magnetically separable catalyst. Comprehensive characterization (FT-IR, XRD, TGA, EDX, ICP-OES, WDX, FE-SEM, TEM, and VSM) confirmed its successful synthesis. The catalyst demonstrated outstanding activity in the Mizoroki-Heck C-C cross-coupling reaction, resulting in efficient coupling of a diverse range of aryl iodides, bromides, and chlorides with butyl acrylate in PEG-400 as a green solvent and co-catalyst. It exhibited superior selectivity for aryl iodides and bromides and maintained high efficiency over eight consecutive cycles with minimal metal leaching. The use of cost-effective materials, facile magnetic recovery, and scalability make this catalyst an eco-friendly and economically viable alternative to conventional palladium-based methodologies.
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