Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

384
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
384
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

339
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
339
Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

348
Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
348
Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

215
The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
215
Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

241
Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
241
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

3.1K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
3.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Learning technical gestures by medical students: development and contribution of a written procedural document associated with a video.

La Tunisie medicale·2026
Same author

Directed Teaching of Clinical Reasoning in the Fourth Year of Medical School: A Structured Summary of Genetic Observations.

La Tunisie medicale·2026
Same author

Case Report: Pericardial effusion in late onset neonatal Escherichia coli sepsis.

F1000Research·2025
Same author

A Serious Game "DiaPed": Impact on Therapeutic Education for Children with Type 1 Diabetes in Tunisia.

Sage open pediatrics·2025
Same author

Health-related quality of life and its influencing factors in children with type 1 diabetes in Tunisia: a cross-sectional study.

BMJ open·2025
Same author

Unilateral congenital upper eyelid eversion: A rare presentation in a neonate.

European journal of ophthalmology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS
06:22

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS

Published on: April 7, 2021

3.5K

Jarcho-Levin Syndrome With Fatal Respiratory Failure.

Sofien Atitallah1,2, Wiem Ben Othmen1,2, Rania Ben Rabeh1,2

  • 1Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.

Ochsner Journal
|June 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Jarcho-Levin syndrome, a rare genetic disorder, causes severe respiratory issues due to rib and vertebral anomalies. Early diagnosis and genetic counseling are vital for managing this condition with a high mortality rate.

Keywords:
Congenital abnormalitiesJarcho-Levin syndromerespiratory insufficiency

More Related Videos

A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation
07:40

A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation

Published on: August 30, 2019

9.1K
Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
09:36

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device

Published on: September 24, 2020

2.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS
06:22

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS

Published on: April 7, 2021

3.5K
A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation
07:40

A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation

Published on: August 30, 2019

9.1K
Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
09:36

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device

Published on: September 24, 2020

2.9K

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Pediatrics
  • Medical Case Studies

Background:

  • Jarcho-Levin syndrome (JLS) is a rare genetic disorder first identified in 1938.
  • Characterized by multiple rib and vertebral anomalies, JLS leads to thoracic constriction and severe respiratory complications.
  • The condition is associated with a high mortality rate.

Observation:

  • A case report details a 3-month-old male infant born to consanguineous parents with Jarcho-Levin syndrome.
  • The infant presented with severe respiratory distress, scoliosis, thoracic cage deformity, and spinal dysraphism.
  • Radiological findings confirmed multilevel vertebral segmentation defects and asymmetric rib deformities.

Findings:

  • The infant's condition deteriorated despite respiratory support.
  • The infant died at 7 months of age from respiratory failure, complicated by pneumonia.
  • This case underscores the severe and life-threatening nature of Jarcho-Levin syndrome.

Implications:

  • Early diagnosis of Jarcho-Levin syndrome is critical for optimizing respiratory support and family planning.
  • Genetic counseling is highly recommended for consanguineous families, ideally preconception or during early pregnancy.
  • Despite advances in pediatric care, the prognosis for JLS patients remains guarded, necessitating further research into effective treatments.