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Related Concept Videos

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History01:21

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History

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The genitourinary system is critical to maintaining fluid balance, waste elimination, and reproductive function. Nurses play a vital role in assessing this system, beginning with a thorough health history. This process involves gathering patient information, identifying risk factors, and recognizing symptoms of genitourinary disorders. Early detection is vital for timely interventions and management.1. Gathering Patient InformationA complete health history includes the patient’s personal,...
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Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation01:26

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The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...
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Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

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Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
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Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
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Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution01:20

Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution

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The kidneys concentrate or dilute urine to maintain water and electrolyte balance. Nephrons, particularly the loop of Henle, play a crucial role in this process through the countercurrent multiplication system. This system establishes a high osmolarity in the renal medulla, which is essential for water reabsorption. In the loop of Henle’s descending limb, water is reabsorbed into the surrounding medulla due to its permeability to water. In contrast, the ascending limb actively transports...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse POP Quantification System
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Investigating the Risk Indicators of Urinary Incontinence Among Young Nulligravid Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Ghada Mohammed1, Noha A Mousa1, Shaikha S Alhaj1

  • 1Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

Women'S Health Reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.)
|June 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Urinary incontinence (UI) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) affect about a third of young women, with risk factors including obesity, smoking, and delayed urination. Many affected women do not seek medical help, highlighting a need for greater awareness.

Keywords:
nulligravidastress incontinencetoilet behaviorurge incontinenceurinary incontinence

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Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Gynecology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Urinary incontinence (UI) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are commonly associated with older women, but emerging evidence suggests younger populations may also be affected.
  • Traditional risk factors for UI/LUTS include menopause, neurological disorders, and diabetes, but these are often absent in younger affected individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of UI and LUTS in young, nulligravid women.
  • To identify modifiable lifestyle and behavioral factors contributing to UI/LUTS in this demographic.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study utilizing an anonymous online questionnaire.
  • The questionnaire was adapted from validated instruments, including the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire for Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms.
  • Participants were women aged 18-25 years who had never been pregnant.

Main Results:

  • Approximately one-third of young women reported UI, and 45.9% reported other LUTS.
  • Key risk factors identified for UI included increased body mass index, smoking, recurrent urinary tract infections, and delaying urination.
  • Overweight/obesity, smoking, and delayed bladder emptying were significant predictors of UI (ORs ranging from 1.88 to 3.07).

Conclusions:

  • UI and LUTS are prevalent in young, nulligravid women, influenced by modifiable lifestyle and toilet behaviors.
  • The findings underscore the need for community awareness and patient education, as affected women often do not seek medical care.
  • Proactive clinical encounters are crucial for addressing UI/LUTS in this underreported population.