Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Serum Fetuin-A Levels in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) are being studied as potential regulators of serum fetuin-A, linked to the risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aims to assess the impact of omega-3 FA supplementation on the level of serum fetuin-A in patients with CAD. The research was conducted on a sample of 34 male participants between the ages of 35 and 75. These individuals had recently been diagnosed with CAD through the use of conventional coronary angiography. The patients diagnosed with CAD were separated into two groups: the "Omega-3 Group" consisting of 16 individuals, and the "Control Group" consisting of 18 individuals. Both groups were provided with an explanation of the principles of a low-fat diet at the beginning of the study. The patients in the omega-3 group were administered a daily supplementation of 1.560 mg of omega-3 FAs for 8 weeks, whereas the control group did not receive any supplementation. Food consumption was documented through the use of 6-day dietary records. Fetuin-A levels decreased significantly in both the omega-3 and control groups from baseline to Week 8 (p < 0.001). Although there were no notable disparities in the initial serum fetuin-A levels between the omega-3 and control groups (p > 0.05), the analysis conducted at Week 8 revealed that the omega-3 group exhibited higher serum fetuin-A levels compared to the control group (p = 0.001). In addition, dietary protein (g) and animal protein (g) intakes correlated negatively with serum fetuin-A levels in both groups, but not for omega-3 FAs (g). These results suggest that there is no significant correlation between serum fetuin-A levels and the amount of omega-3 FAs taken in supplementation and/or diet, and dietary modifications may be an effective strategy to manage serum fetuin-A levels. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05661994.