Horner syndrome in a pediatric patient

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Ophthalmology
• Pediatrics

Background:

• Horner syndrome (HS) is a rare neurological disorder resulting from disruption of the oculosympathetic pathway.
• Pediatric HS is uncommon and can be congenital, necessitating exclusion of sinister underlying causes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the importance of early recognition of pediatric HS.
• To emphasize the potential link between HS and underlying malignancies such as neuroblastoma.

Main Methods:

• Case presentation of an 18-week-old boy with symptoms initially misdiagnosed as pre-septal cellulitis.
• Ophthalmic review revealing right-sided HS.
• Imaging studies identifying a probable cervical neuroblastoma.

Main Results:

• The patient presented with peri-orbital swelling and was diagnosed with right-sided HS.
• Imaging confirmed a probable cervical neuroblastoma, prompting urgent oncological referral.

Conclusions:

• Early recognition of pediatric HS is critical for identifying underlying malignancies like neuroblastoma.
• Atypical or intermittent symptoms can complicate diagnosis.
• Comprehensive imaging and multidisciplinary care are essential for effective diagnosis and management.