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Association of Firearm Purchaser Licensing Laws with Intimate Partner Homicide.

Stephen N Oliphant1, Cassandra K Crifasi2, Mitchell L Doucette2

  • 1Institute for Firearm Injury Prevention, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Violence and Gender
|June 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Repealing firearm purchaser licensing laws in Missouri was linked to significant increases in intimate partner homicides (IPH), particularly firearm IPH. These increases disproportionately affected Black victims, highlighting the importance of licensing for public safety.

Keywords:
firearm purchaser licensinghomicideintimate partner violencepolicy analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Criminology
  • Gun Violence Research

Background:

  • Intimate partner homicides (IPHs) committed with firearms have risen since 2013.
  • Limited research exists on the impact of firearm purchaser licensing laws on firearm IPH rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between firearm purchaser licensing laws and intimate partner homicide rates.
  • To examine differential impacts based on victim race and firearm involvement.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized weighted and imputed intimate partner homicide data (1990-2019).
  • Employed augmented synthetic controls to analyze policy changes in Connecticut, Maryland, Missouri, and Michigan.
  • Stratified analyses by victim race and firearm involvement.

Main Results:

  • Missouri's repeal of licensing laws correlated with significant increases in firearm IPH (+27.6%) and overall IPH (+21.0%).
  • Harmful effects of Missouri's repeal were concentrated among Black victims of firearm IPH.
  • No significant changes in firearm IPH were observed following Michigan's partial repeal or in Connecticut and Maryland following licensing adoptions.

Conclusions:

  • Removing firearm purchaser licensing safeguards may increase intimate partner homicides.
  • Policy changes have differential impacts, disproportionately affecting Black individuals.
  • Further research on recent licensing policy changes is warranted to understand their influence on IPH trends.