Assessment of Risk Factors Associated With Coronary Artery Disease in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Public Health
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading global cause of mortality.
• Saudi Arabia faces increasing CAD prevalence due to rising rates of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.
• Public awareness of CAD risk factors is crucial for effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess public knowledge and awareness of CAD risk factors among adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
• To examine the association between demographic characteristics and CAD risk factor awareness.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study involving 901 adults (aged 18+) in Riyadh.
• Data collected via an online, validated questionnaire assessing demographics and CAD risk factor knowledge.
• Statistical analysis using chi-square tests to identify associations between demographics and awareness levels.

Main Results:

• 88.1% of participants demonstrated good awareness of CAD risk factors.
• Obesity (94.9%), physical inactivity (86.5%), and smoking (77.4%) were the most recognized risk factors.
• Higher awareness was associated with female gender and postgraduate education (p < 0.05), but knowledge gaps were noted for diabetes and family history.

Conclusions:

• While overall awareness of CAD risk factors is high in Riyadh, specific knowledge gaps persist.
• Targeted educational initiatives are needed to address misconceptions, especially concerning non-modifiable risk factors.
• Enhanced public education can contribute to reducing CAD prevalence in Saudi Arabia.