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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Near-infrared (NIR) signals offer advantages in biomedical applications due to lower light absorption, scattering, and autofluorescence, leading to higher signal-to-noise ratios (SNR).
  • Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are promising NIR fluorescent materials for biosensing applications.
  • Accurate detection of biomarkers like levodopa is critical for personalized medicine, particularly for Parkinson's disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the SNR benefits of NIR fluorescence biosensing through simulations.
  • To compare the performance of Silicon (Si) and Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) PIN photodiode detectors in the NIR region.
  • To develop a portable, low-cost fluorescence reader for detecting levodopa using SWCNT-based sensor arrays.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated SNR considering wavelength-dependent optical properties, detector dark currents, and background noise.
  • Experimental validation using (6,5)-SWCNTs and comparison of Si and InGaAs photodiode performance.
  • Chemical modification of SWCNTs to create sensor arrays for levodopa detection and integration with a portable fluorescence reader.

Main Results:

  • NIR fluorophores exhibit higher SNR, with Si detectors outperforming InGaAs in the short NIR (<1050 nm).
  • Experimental results confirmed a 1.2-fold higher SNR with Si PIN photodiodes for (6,5)-SWCNTs (990 nm emission).
  • A portable reader successfully detected levodopa at clinically relevant concentrations (10 μM) in human blood serum using SWCNT sensor barcodes.

Conclusions:

  • NIR fluorescence biosensing, particularly with SWCNTs and Si detectors, significantly enhances SNR for biomedical applications.
  • The developed portable fluorescence reader demonstrates the feasibility of low-cost, point-of-care diagnostics for Parkinson's disease monitoring.
  • Combining advanced NIR nanosensors with efficient Si detectors opens new avenues for accessible healthcare solutions.