Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

170
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
170
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

146
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
146
Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

11.1K
Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
11.1K
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

7.2K
The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...
7.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Adipose-derived stem cell peptide 5 alleviates hypertrophic scarring through targeting pyruvate carboxylase or p50 to coordinate PI3K/AKT/mTOR-autophagy and NF-κB/IL-6 signaling.

Burns & trauma·2026
Same author

The central role of fibroblasts in androgenic alopecia: A systematic umbrella review.

Cell transplantation·2026
Same author

[Effects of baseline clinical characteristics on the efficacy of stapokibart in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis: a post-hoc subgroup analysis].

Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery·2026
Same author

High-Resolution Mapping of RNA-RNA Interactions Across the HIV-1 Genome With HicapR.

Bio-protocol·2026
Same author

Characterization of sexually acquired HIV-1 transmission networks and genetic variation in northern frontier China, 2021-2024.

Frontiers in public health·2026
Same author

Predicting response to immunochemotherapy in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma after third-generation TKI resistance using CT radiomics-based habitat imaging.

Frontiers in immunology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Assessment of Immunologically Relevant Dynamic Tertiary Structural Features of the HIV-1 V3 Loop Crown R2 Sequence by ab initio Folding
10:50

Assessment of Immunologically Relevant Dynamic Tertiary Structural Features of the HIV-1 V3 Loop Crown R2 Sequence by ab initio Folding

Published on: September 15, 2010

9.7K

Mapping HIV-1 RNA structure, homodimers, long-range interactions and persistent domains by HiCapR.

Yan Zhang1, Jingwan Han2, Xie Dejian1

  • 1Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China.

Elife
|June 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

We mapped Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA interactions using HiCapR, revealing novel genome-wide RNA structures. This shows how HIV-1 RNA organization changes from infected cells to virions for replication.

Keywords:
HIVRNA structurehomodimersinfectious diseaselong range interctionmicrobiologymolecular biophysicsstructural biologyviruses

More Related Videos

Structure of HIV-1 Capsid Assemblies by Cryo-electron Microscopy and Iterative Helical Real-space Reconstruction
12:38

Structure of HIV-1 Capsid Assemblies by Cryo-electron Microscopy and Iterative Helical Real-space Reconstruction

Published on: August 9, 2011

17.6K
Nucleocapsid Annealing-Mediated Electrophoresis NAME Assay Allows the Rapid Identification of HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Inhibitors
08:33

Nucleocapsid Annealing-Mediated Electrophoresis NAME Assay Allows the Rapid Identification of HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Inhibitors

Published on: January 19, 2015

9.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Assessment of Immunologically Relevant Dynamic Tertiary Structural Features of the HIV-1 V3 Loop Crown R2 Sequence by ab initio Folding
10:50

Assessment of Immunologically Relevant Dynamic Tertiary Structural Features of the HIV-1 V3 Loop Crown R2 Sequence by ab initio Folding

Published on: September 15, 2010

9.7K
Structure of HIV-1 Capsid Assemblies by Cryo-electron Microscopy and Iterative Helical Real-space Reconstruction
12:38

Structure of HIV-1 Capsid Assemblies by Cryo-electron Microscopy and Iterative Helical Real-space Reconstruction

Published on: August 9, 2011

17.6K
Nucleocapsid Annealing-Mediated Electrophoresis NAME Assay Allows the Rapid Identification of HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Inhibitors
08:33

Nucleocapsid Annealing-Mediated Electrophoresis NAME Assay Allows the Rapid Identification of HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Inhibitors

Published on: January 19, 2015

9.0K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Understanding Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA genome organization is crucial for deciphering its replication.
  • Existing methods have limitations in high-resolution mapping of RNA-RNA interactions within the viral genome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a novel method for high-resolution mapping of RNA-RNA interactions across the entire HIV-1 genome.
  • To investigate the structural organization of HIV-1 RNA in infected cells versus packaged virions.

Main Methods:

  • Developed HiCapR (Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 RNA proximity ligation), a psoralen crosslinking-based method.
  • Combined proximity ligation with post-library hybridization for high-resolution RNA interactome mapping.
  • Applied HiCapR to analyze HIV-1 RNA structures in infected cells and virions.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed known structural motifs (5'-UTR stem-loops, RRE, dimerization sites) and identified novel genome-wide homodimerization events.
  • Observed extensive long-range RNA interactions in infected cells, contrasting with a condensed conformation in virion-packaged genomes.
  • Identified conserved genomic domains essential for dimerization and packaging, persisting through virion assembly.

Conclusions:

  • HiCapR is a powerful tool for studying RNA interactomes, providing mechanistic insights into HIV-1 RNA regulation.
  • HIV-1 RNA undergoes a structural transition from a loosely organized to a condensed state during virion packaging.
  • Conserved RNA domains and interaction networks offer potential targets for novel antiviral strategies.