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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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Efficient Implementation of MINT-Based Chemiresistor Arrays for Artificial Olfaction.

Michele Galvani1, Alejandro López-Moreno2, Natalia Martín Sabanés2

  • 1Surface Science and Spectroscopy Laboratories@I-LAMP, Department of Mathematics and Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via della Garzetta 48, 25113 Brescia, Italy.

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We developed MINT-based chemiresistors for selective volatile organic compound (VOC) detection at room temperature. This electronic nose technology shows promise for low-power wearable devices and breath analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Sensing
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Chemiresistors offer a pathway for detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
  • Functionalization of materials can enhance sensor selectivity and performance.
  • Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are promising nanomaterials for sensor applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and evaluate novel MINT-based materials for selective VOC detection.
  • To develop an array of chemiresistors functioning as an electronic nose.
  • To explore the potential of these sensors in wearable devices and breathomics.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of four new MINTs with varying functional groups (MINTALKENE, MINTCOOMe, MINTCOOH, MINTOH).
  • Preparation of six sensing layers including pristine SWNTs and MINTXYLENE.
  • Exposure of sensing layers to various VOCs (NH3, NO2, EtOH, IPA, acetone, benzene, NaClO) in the ppm range.
  • Analysis using correlation plots, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP).

Main Results:

  • MINT functionalization significantly enhanced sensor response compared to pristine SWNTs.
  • The sensor array demonstrated effective discrimination of ammonia from interfering gases.
  • Successful discrimination of binary gas mixtures relevant to breathomics was achieved.
  • Optimized sensing layers showed a 10x increase in sensitivity and reduced response/recovery times.

Conclusions:

  • MINT-based chemiresistors can be utilized for selective VOC detection at room temperature.
  • The developed electronic nose is suitable for low-power wearable applications.
  • The sensor array shows potential for breathomics applications due to its ability to discriminate gas mixtures.